Emma is derived as a short form of several Germanic names that began with the root ermen, meaning "whole" or "universal". It was first brought to England by Emma of Normandy, the wife of King Ethelred II and later King Canute. The name was popularised following the Norman Conquest of England, although it fell out of fashion before being revived in the 18th century. In modern times, it saw its peak of popularity in the 1970s and 1980s and has been declining since.